The Liverpudlians pointed out that when first reading the 2022 Winchester paper, it was clear that the study relied solely on survey data from pet owners and was more observational, suggesting that any associations between diet type and dog health could only have had a possible correlation rather than an established link.
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The authors of the new paper emphasise that the statistical analysis of the Winchester paper did not take into account the effect of possible other factors such as, for example, the age and breed of the dogs, as well as data about their owners, which included age, gender, education and their own diet.